Dorothy Mary Crowfoot HodgkinOMFRSHonFRSC(néeCrowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was an Englishchemistwho advanced the technique ofX-ray crystallographyto determine the structure ofbiomolecules, which became essential forstructural biology.She received the 1964Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and is the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize. Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure ofpenicillinas previously surmised byEdward AbrahamandErnst Boris Chain; and mapping the structure ofvitamin B12, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win theNobel Prize in Chemistry. Hodgkin also elucidated the structure ofinsulinin 1969 after 35 years of work. Hodgkin used the name "Dorothy Crowfoot" until twelve years after marryingThomas Lionel Hodgkin, when she began using "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". Hodgkin is referred to as "Dorothy Hodgkin" by the Royal Society (when referring to its sponsorship of the Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship), and by Somerville College.The National Archives of the United Kingdomrefer to her as "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin". Fields: Biochemistry, X-ray crystallography Education: Somerville College, Oxford BA University of Cambridge PhD