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Venkat Raman Ramakrishnan, commonly known as Venkat Markkrishnan by colleagues, is an Indian British structural biologist with American nationality and one of the 2009 Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry. In 1952, Ramakrishnan was born in Gidenboram, Tamil Nadu, India; In 1971, obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the University of Baroda, India; In 1976, he obtained a doctoral degree in physics from Ohio University in the United States. Afterwards, I completed a two-year graduate program in biology at the University of California, San Diego, thus transitioning from theoretical physics to the field of biology. Since 1999, he has served as the director of the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Medical Research Council in the UK, located on the campus of the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cambridge. He is also the deputy director of the school. In 2009, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ada Yunas and Thomas Steutz for their research on the structure and function of ribosomes. In addition, he is also the current chairman of the Royal Society of the UK and has been holding this position since November 2015. Ramakrishnan and Peter Moore began conducting research on ribosomes during their postdoctoral studies at Yale University. Ramakrishnan is also known for his past research work on tissue proteins and nuclear chromatin. His research fields mainly include biochemistry and biophysics, and he excels in studying the structure and function of ribosomes and macromolecular crystallography. In 2015, his paper with the highest citation rate was published in journals such as nature, science, and cells, according to the Scopus database. Ramakrishnan and Peter Moore began conducting research on ribosomes during their postdoctoral studies at Yale University. Ramakrishnan is also known for his past research work on tissue proteins and nuclear chromatin. His research fields mainly include biochemistry and biophysics, and he excels in studying the structure and function of ribosomes and macromolecular crystallography. In 2015, his paper with the highest citation rate was published in journals such as nature, science, and cells, according to the Scopus database. Ramakrishnan has won numerous honors and awards for his outstanding achievements in the field of research. In 2002, Ramakrishnan was elected as a member of the European Organization for Molecular Biology; Selected as a member of the Royal Society of England in 2003; In 2004, he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States. In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded the Louis Jeantet Medical Award, the Datta Lectureship Award, and the European Union of Biochemical Societies Medal. In 2008, he won the Hitley Medal from the British Biochemical Society. Since 2008, he has been a researcher at Trinity College of Cambridge University and a foreign researcher at the National Academy of Sciences in India. In 2009, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Ada Yunas and Thomas Steutz. In 2010, he received the Lotus Medal of Honor, the second largest civilian honor in India. Ramakrishnan was knighted on the 2012 New Year Honors List for his outstanding contributions to the Institute of Molecular Biology, but he generally does not use the title. In the same year, he obtained a degree in European Biochemistry

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