Dorothy Hodgkin

Biography

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot HodgkinOMFRSHonFRSC(néeCrowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was an Englishchemistwho advanced the technique ofX-ray crystallographyto determine the structure ofbiomolecules, which became essential forstructural biology.She received the 1964Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and is the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize. Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure ofpenicillinas previously surmised byEdward AbrahamandErnst Boris Chain; and mapping the structure ofvitamin B12, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win theNobel Prize in Chemistry. Hodgkin also elucidated the structure ofinsulinin 1969 after 35 years of work. Hodgkin used the name "Dorothy Crowfoot" until twelve years after marryingThomas Lionel Hodgkin, when she began using "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". Hodgkin is referred to as "Dorothy Hodgkin" by the Royal Society (when referring to its sponsorship of the Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship), and by Somerville College.The National Archives of the United Kingdomrefer to her as "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin". Fields: Biochemistry, X-ray crystallography Education: Somerville College, Oxford BA University of Cambridge PhD

中文信息

简介： 诺贝尔化学奖| (1956) | 1910年-1994年

多萝西·玛丽·克劳福特·霍奇金（Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin）OMFRSHon FRSC（née Crowfoot；1910年5月12日至1994年7月29日）是一位英国化学家，她先进了X射线晶体学技术来确定生物分子的结构，这对结构生物学至关重要。她获得了1964年诺贝尔化学奖，也是唯一一位获得诺贝尔奖的英国女科学家。她最有影响力的发现之一是证实了爱德华·亚伯拉罕和恩斯特·鲍里斯·钱恩之前推测的青霉素的结构；并绘制了维生素 B12 的结构图，为此她于 1964 年成为第三位获得诺贝尔化学奖的女性。霍奇金经过35年的努力，也在1969年阐明了胰岛素的结构。霍奇金一直使用“多萝西·克劳福特”这个名字，直到与托马斯·莱昂内尔·霍奇金结婚十二年后，她才开始使用“多萝西·克劳福特·霍奇金”。霍奇金被皇家学会（指其对多萝西·霍奇金奖学金的赞助）和萨默维尔学院称为“多萝西·霍奇金”。英国国家档案馆将她称为“多萝西·玛丽·克劳福特·霍奇金”。领域：生物化学、X 射线晶体学 教育背景：牛津萨默维尔学院 学士 剑桥大学 博士

Quick Facts

• Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Added: 2026-02-03
• Source: Wikipedia

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