Linus Pauling

Biography

Linus Carl PaulingFRS(/ˈpɔːlɪŋ/PAW-ling; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994)was an Americanchemistandpeace activist. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.New Scientistcalled him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time.For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded theNobel Prize in Chemistryin 1954.For his peace activism, he was awarded theNobel Peace Prizein 1962. He is one of five people to havewon more than one Nobel Prize.Of these, he is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes,and one of two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other beingMarie Skłodowska-Curie. Pauling was one of the founders of the fields ofquantum chemistryandmolecular biology.His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept oforbital hybridisationand the first accurate scale ofelectronegativitiesof the elements. Pauling also worked on the structures of biological molecules, and showed the importance of thealpha helixandbeta sheetinprotein secondary structure. Pauling's approach combined methods and results fromX-ray crystallography,molecular modelbuilding, and quantum chemistry. His discoveries inspired the work ofRosalind Franklin,James Watson,Francis Crick, andMaurice Wilkinson the structure ofDNA, which in turn made it possible for geneticists to crack the DNA code of all organisms. In his later years, he promotednuclear disarmament, as well asorthomolecular medicine,megavitamin therapy,anddietary supplements, especiallyascorbic acid(commonly known as Vitamin C). None of his ideas concerning the medical usefulness of large doses of vitamins have gained much acceptance in the mainstream scientific community.He was married to the American human rights activistAva Helen Pauling. Fields: Quantum chemistry, Biochemistry Education: Oregon State University BS California Institute of Technology PhD

中文信息

简介： 诺贝尔化学奖| (1931) | 1901-1994

莱纳斯·卡尔·鲍林FRS（/ˈpɔːlɪŋ/PAW-ling；1901年2月28日－1994年8月19日）是一位美国化学家与和平活动家。他发表了 1,200 多篇论文和书籍，其中约 850 篇涉及科学主题。《新科学家》称他为有史以来 20 位最伟大的科学家之一。由于他的科学工作，鲍林于 1954 年被授予诺贝尔化学奖。由于他的和平活动，他于 1962 年被授予诺贝尔和平奖。他是获得超过一项诺贝尔奖的五人之一。其中，他是唯一一位获奖者两次不共享的诺贝尔奖，也是在不同领域获得诺贝尔奖的两个人之一，另一个是玛丽·斯克沃多夫斯卡-居里。鲍林是量子化学和分子生物学领域的奠基人之一。他对化学键理论的贡献包括轨道杂化的概念和第一个精确的元素电负性尺度。鲍林还研究了生物分子的结构，并展示了α螺旋和β片层在蛋白质二级结构中的重要性。鲍林的方法结合了 X 射线晶体学、分子模型构建和量子化学的方法和结果。他的发现启发了罗莎琳德·富兰克林、詹姆斯·沃森、弗朗西斯·克里克和莫里斯·威尔金关于 DNA 结构的工作，这反过来又使遗传学家破解所有生物体的 DNA 密码成为可能。晚年，他提倡核裁军，以及各种分子医学、大维生素疗法和膳食补充剂，特别是抗坏血酸（俗称维生素C）。他关于大剂量维生素的医学用途的想法都没有得到主流科学界的广泛接受。他的妻子是美国人权活动家艾娃·海伦·鲍林。领域：量子化学、生物化学 教育背景：俄勒冈州立大学 学士 加州理工学院 博士

Quick Facts

• Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Added: 2026-02-03
• Source: Wikipedia

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